Cardiovascular Diseases

 

The cardiovascular diseases are those diseases which are caused by disorders of heart and blood vessels. Coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and failure of heart came under the category of cardiovascular diseases.

Most of the western countries face the high and increasing rate of cardiovascular diseases. More people are killed by this disease every year as compare to cancer. A survey concludes that diseases of the heart alone caused 30% of all deaths, with other diseases of the cardiovascular system causing substantial further death and disability. Every 2 out of 3 cardiac deaths occur without any diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.

After a survey it was conclude that this is the prime cause of death and disability in the United States and most European countries. A large histological study (PDAY) showed vascular injury accumulates from adolescence and makes primary prevention efforts necessary from childhood. An estimated concludes that17.5 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2005 and this is about the 30 % of all global deaths. 7.6 million out of these were died due to heart attacks and 5.7 million were due to stroke.

Around 80% of these deaths occurred in developing or under developed countries as they have low and middle income. If not step is taken against it then according to an estimate, by 2015, 20 million people will die from cardiovascular disease every year and most of them will be from heart attacks and strokes.

Causes- The cause of cardiovascular disease is a blockage that prevents blood to go to the heart or to the brain. The most important and main cause of cardiovascular disease is build up of fatty deposits in the inner wall of blood vessels. In this particular condition, blood vessels become narrower and less broad and heart doesn’t receive the blood. In that case it results to failure of heart.

Reasons- The major reasons of having cardiovascular disease are tobacco, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. An early form of fatty deposits, which is known as fatty streaks can also be found in children. Some children may be younger than 10 years. These deposits get slowly worse as the person gets older.

Helpful tips- If you are obese or overweight then it increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. To maintain an ideal body weight, you should take regular physical activity and eat a healthy diet.

About the Author

Read about Home Remedies for Arthritis. Also read about Home Remedies for Gout and Home Remedies for Varicose Veins

Body Composition and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality—Is This an Obesity or a Lean Paradox?

Youth Factor with DHEA $36.00 Contains DHEA and Pregnenolone, hormones produced by the adrenal gland which are precursors to your own hormones. Youth Factor with DHEA can help to increase the estrogen levels in women and the testosterone levels in men. Helps alleviate PMS and menopausal symptoms for those over 40 or past child-bearing years.Increases sex drive.Promotes mental clarity and concentration.Helps alleviate the sym…

Vitamins and Weight Loss: How Vitamins Affect Fat Burning Exercises, Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Related Diseases (Journal of Personalized and Systems Medicine) $1.00 As obesity has become a serious health problem globally, more attention is needed about nutritional problems in the overweight and obese population, especially about vitamins and oxidative stress. Scientific studies have found close relationships between vitamins and obesity. For example, childhood obesity is often associated with an increased risk of low vitamin B12 concentration. The condition o…

Natural Antioxidants and Weight Loss: Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polyphenol Extracts from Fruits and Herbs (Journal of Personalized and Systems Medicine) $1.00 Polyphenols are chemicals found in many plants. Polyphenols are usually antioxidants that can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Polyphenols include tannins, lignins, and flavonoids. Many polyphenols have anti-obesity activities and are beneficial for weight loss. Aging and obesity may lead to inflammatory and oxidative conditions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are al…

Natural Flavonoids as Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss and Healing of Obesity Related Diseases (Journal of Personalized and Systems Medicine) $1.00 Obesity is closely associated with other diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Natural flavonoids are promising dietary supplements for weight loss and treatment of obesity-related diseases, as they have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anticancer activities. These products are beneficial for weight loss and healing diabetes, me…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease $57.28 No Synopsis Available

Abdominal Obesity $70.1 Abdominal obesity, colloquially known as belly fat or clinically as central obesity, is the accumulation of abdominal fat resulting in an increase in waist size. There is a strong correlation between central obesity and cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat, also known as organ fat or intraabdominal fat, is located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso, as opposed to subcutaneous fat which is found underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat which is found interspersed in skeletal muscle. Visceral fat is composed of several adipose depots including mesenteric, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and perirenal fat. An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, the pot belly or beer belly effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. This body type is also known as apple shaped, as opposed to pear shaped, in which fat is deposited on the hips and buttocks. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 84 Publication Date: 2010/07/31 Language: French Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.20 inches

Cardiovascular Disease $5.49 Dr. D’Adamo adds a new volume to his Eat Right 4 Your Type( Health Library that covers cardiovascular disease (including high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke). In it, he explains how blood type plays an important role in determining how this condition affects an individual.

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease $71.7 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Excessive alcohol intake has been associated with an elevated risk of liver disease, heart failure, some cancers, and accidental injury, and is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries, However, research suggests that moderate alcohol intake is associated with some health benefits, among them a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. An early study of the relationship between alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis was published in 1904. Public awareness of the supposed French paradox in the early 1990s stimulated increased interest in the subject of alcohol and heart disease. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 96 Publication Date: 2010/12/06 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.23 inches

Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes $524.15 In an attempt to clarify the situation regarding the diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutics of cardiovascular dysfunction in diabetes, an International Symposium on Diabetic Heart was held in Tokyo, Japan during October, 1989. Thirtytwo selected articles from the poster presentations, compiled in this book, have been grouped in four sections, namely (a) Evaluation of Cardiovascular Problems, (b) Interactions of Diabetes and Hypertension, (c) Pathophysiological Aspects of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Diabetes, and (d) Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects of Diabetic Heart. It is hoped that the contents of these chapters will provide adequate information regarding the current status of cardiovascular abnormalities in diabetes and this book will be of great interest to both clinical and experimental cardiologists as well as endocrinologists interested in diabetes. Author: Nagano, Makoto/ Mochizuki, Seibu/ Dhalla, Naranjan S. Series Title: Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics Series Number: 130 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 416 Publication Date: 1992/01/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.94 inches

Salt and Cardiovascular Disease $86.03 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Salt consumption has been intensely studied for its role in human physiology and impact on human health. In particular, excessive dietary salt consumption over an extended period of time has been associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease, in addition to other adverse health effects. Most forms of edible salt are composed primarily of sodium and chloride, as other minerals such as magnesium and calcium, make unrefined salts bitter and therefore rarely eaten. An excessive intake of the ionic compound sodium chloride has long been suspected to increase blood pressure. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 112 Publication Date: 2011/02/24 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.02 x 0.27 inches

Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Disease $392.42 Each volume of Advances in Pharmacology provides a rich collection of reviews on timely topics. Volume 31 deals with the mechanisms of anesthetic actions under normal conditions as well as pathophysiologic states. Key Features Covers anesthetics and cardiac function Addresses disorders of the cardiovascular system and associated diseases Explains therapeutic and pathophysiological implications Details reflex regulation of peripheral circulation Includes full descriptions of the latest methodologies Written by internationally recognized experts in the field of anesthesia research Author: Bosnjak/ Murad, Ferid/ August, J. Thomas Series Title: Advances in Pharmacology Series Number: 31 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 666 Publication Date: 1994/12/05 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 1.69 inches

The AHA-Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease $114.66 No Synopsis Available

Neuropsychology and Cardiovascular Disease $81.22 No Synopsis Available

Cardiovascular Disease Anatomical Chart $19.06 No Synopsis Available

Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease $126.07 No Synopsis Available

Cardiovascular Disease in Women Essentials $30.52 No Synopsis Available

Essential Atlas of Cardiovascular Disease $151.92 No Synopsis Available

Pharmacotherapy of Obesity $270.17 After three introductory chapters that deal with the general theme of obesity now regarded as a chronic disease this volume discusses the drugs sibutramine and orlistat, which are approved for longterm use in the US and in much of the rest of the world. The three final chapters discuss future drug targets, like the central nervous system and gut hormones, and how to influence energy expenditure and substrate utilization. Author: Wilding, John P. H. Series Title: Milestones in Drug Therapy Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 120 Publication Date: 2007/12/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.20 x 6.50 x 0.50 inches

Pollock’s Textbook of Cardiovascular Disease and Rehabilitation $89.81 No Synopsis Available

Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Cardiovascular Disease $171.03 No Synopsis Available

Obesity Management in Family Practice $71.6 This book empowers the physician to effectively care for a chronic recurrent disease that until now has often gone untreated in the primary care setting. Most obesity treatment texts are written by obesity experts without family practice experience. This disconnect has resulted in books that have little feasible application for family physicians. Dr. McKnighta (TM)s text takes the current evidencebased science and transforms treating obesity into a practical, timesensitive process that is supported by logical recommendations that every family physician can use to help obese patients. With guidelines backed by the best scientific data, the book is about application, not just theory. The reader is given the commonsense tools that patients need in order to have ownership of their disease. Ultimately, patients are empowered to control their weight, resulting in positive interaction between providers and patients. Author: McKnight, Thomas L. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 140 Publication Date: 2005/12/01 Language: English Dimensions: 8.00 x 5.14 x 0.32 inches

Morbid Obesity and the Struggle for Survival $33.36 MORBID OBESITY AND THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVALBack CoverFollowing the style of his previous books, informative, educational, entertaining, and bold, Dr. Eduardo Chapunoff takes us this time into the complex world of the morbidly obese. This work describes how and why the cardiovascular and other systems become affected by excessive weights. His own simple, schematic illustrations will help you to understand the mechanisms responsible for heart attacks, congestive heart failure, strokes, cardiac rhythm disturbances, sleep apnea, and many other conditions, including sudden death.Major treatment decisions are facilitated by Dr. Chapunoff downtoearth explanations. Also addressed here is the unfairness and ineffectiveness of some Insurance Corporations in covering the costs of weightloss surgery.For many of those who read this book patients, as well as Health Care practitioners or undergraduates concepts and notions about morbid obesity and what this condition is all about, will never be the same. Author: Chapunoff, Eduardo Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 304 Publication Date: 2007/06/07 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.68 inches

Growth Factors and the Cardiovascular System $619.74 This book is the first to cover the growing area of research in growth factors and which devotes itself completely to the role of the growth factors in the cardiovascular system. It contains contributions by the leading experts in the field with an emphasis on the effects of growth factors on the cardiac myocyte, angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Clinical and therapeutic implications of growth factors in cardiovascular disease are reviewed. Growth Factors and Cardiovascular System provides a comprehensive review together with new information that should be valuable to investigators and clinicians alike. Author: Cummins, Peter Ed./ Cummins, Peter/ Cummins, P. Series Title: Archives Internationales DHistoire Des Idees Series Number: 147 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 392 Publication Date: 1993/08/31 Language: English Dimensions: 6.14 x 9.21 x 0.94 inches

Obesity and Respiratory Disease, an Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine $94.59 No Synopsis Available

Anesthesiology and the Cardiovascular Patient $380.76 Anesthesiology and the Cardiovascular Patient contains the edited presentations of the 41st Annual Postgraduate Course in Anesthesiology, February 1996. The chapters reflect new data and concepts within the general framework of the pathophysiology and management of surgical candidates with cardiovascular disease. The textbook will serve as a vehicle to bring many of the latest concepts in anesthesiology to those who did not attend the conference. Each chapter is a brief but sharply focused glimpse of the current interest in anesthesia. This volume, as well as past and future volumes, reflects the rapid and continuing evolution of anesthesiology in the late twentieth century. Author: Stanley, T. H./ Stanley, T. H./ Bailey, P. L. Series Title: International Studies in Economics and Econometrics Series Number: 31 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 312 Publication Date: 1996/01/31 Language: English Dimensions: 6.14 x 9.21 x 0.74 inches

Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression $396.7 The development of the heart and vessels during embryogenesis depends on the complex interplay of various cell types and growth factors. The implementation of molecular tools has enabled us to analyze early steps in cardiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Furthermore the introduction of transgenic and knockout techniques in mice, and the miniaturization of physiologic measurements to the mouse level has fundamentally changed our knowledge. Pathophysiology can be unraveled at the molecular level. The implications of various stimuli on specific membrane receptors can be analyzed. In response to receptor activation, interacting intracellular signaling pathways can activate or block transcription factors. The changes in gene expression lead to functional changes observed in the cardiovascular systems of animal models and humans. Changes in the level of gene expression and protein function in cardiovascular disease are discussed for the sarcomeric, calcium handling and ion channel genes. Furthermore, different approaches to the design of celltypespecific gene therapy approaches for the heart and vessels are outlined. Author: Van Bilsen, Marc/ Doevendans, Pieter A./ Bilsen, Marc V. Series Title: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine Series Number: 214 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 340 Publication Date: 1999/04/30 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.81 inches

Inositol Powder by Healthy Origins – 8 oz. $29.99 Inositol helps to remove fats from the liver and is vital in the formation of lecithin and the proper maintenance of cholesterol levels, baldness, eczema, psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis of the liver, glaucoma, obesity, gallbladder disease and multiple sclerosis.

Inositol Powder by Healthy Origins – 2 oz. $10.99 Inositol helps to remove fats from the liver and is vital in the formation of lecithin and the proper maintenance of cholesterol levels, baldness, eczema, psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis of the liver, glaucoma, obesity, gallbladder disease and multiple sclerosis.

Inositol 500 mg 100 Caps $10.19 Inositol helps to remove fats from the liver and is vital in the formation of lecithin and the proper maintenance of cholesterol levels, baldness, eczema, psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis of the liver, glaucoma, obesity, gallbladder disease and multiple sclerosis.

Inositol POWDER, 2 OZ $13.19 InositolInositol helps to remove fats from the liver and is vital in the formation of lecithin and the proper maintenance of cholesterol levels; baldness; eczema; psoriasis; cardiovascular disease; cirrhosis of the liver; glaucoma; obesity; gallbladder disease and multiple sclerosis..

Inositol POWDER, 8 OZ $40.49 InositolInositol helps to remove fats from the liver and is vital in the formation of lecithin and the proper maintenance of cholesterol levels; baldness; eczema; psoriasis; cardiovascular disease; cirrhosis of the liver; glaucoma; obesity; gallbladder disease and multiple sclerosis..

Sex and the Heart; Erectile Dysfunction’s Link to Cardiovascular Disease $19.06 No Synopsis Available

Cardiac CT Imaging : Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease $151.92 No Synopsis Available

Sleep Apnea: Implications in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease $286.65 No Synopsis Available

Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly By Gray, Rosaire/ Pack, Louise $60.37 Author: Gray, Rosaire/ Pack, Louise Series Title: Oxford Care Manuals Subtitle: A Practical Manual Publication Date: 2011/02/11 Number of Pages: 320 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 0.75 Width: 4.00 Height: 7.00

Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood By Kirkham, Fenella (EDT) $268.26 Author: Ganesan, Vijeya (EDT)/ Kirkham, Fenella J. (EDT) Series Title: International Review of Child Neurology Publication Date: 2011/06/15 Number of Pages: 412 Binding Type: Hardcover Language: English Depth: 1.25 Width: 8.50 Height: 11.25

Corceuticals Cardiamin multivitamin softgels for cardiovascular health – 90 ea $54.65 Support nutritional health in people with all forms of cardiovascular disease including high cholesterol stroke and heart attack.

Fat: Fighting the Obesity Epidemic $40.29 Fat weighs in on past and ongoing efforts to fight an accelerating epidemic in this engaging story of the scientific quest to understand and control body weight. Pool chronicles the evolving blamegame for fat, from being a result of undisciplined behavior to subconscious conflicts, physiological disease, and environmental excess. 20 illustrations. Author: Pool, Robert Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 304 Publication Date: 2001/02/15 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.75 inches

Guggulipid 12.5MG 100 Caps $24.99 GuggulipidGugul (Commiphora mukul) is an Ayurvedic Herb that may be helpful in lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels; raising HDL (good cholesterol) levels; relieving cardiovascular disease and obesity; easing rheumatoid arthritis, and relieving atherosclerosis.. ..

Obesity Assessment: Tools, Methods, Interpretations $328.61 This book provides reference points for researchers, clinicians and educators for assessing obesity in different individuals and populations. It serves as a ready reference for selected measures of weight, nutrition and dietary intake, activity and exercise, behavior, wellbeing, and disease risk relationships. It presents assessment tools, along with their applications and practical interpretations. Emphasis is given to the differences by age, gender, weight status and the many interrelated variables that contribute to the development and/or exacerbation of the obese state. Comprehensive coverage includes: a series of baseline assessment questionnaires designed to assess activity, nutrition, health, demographics and weight; descriptions of methodology and reference standards for age, gender and weight related variables relative to a healthy population of adults; stateoftheart measurements of nutrition and dietary intake assessments; the methodology and assessment of sleep activity and exercise in normal and obese men and women; selected questionnaires to assess the behavior and health of obese and normal weight individuals, particularly in their predictive value for successful weight maintenance; routine measures of laboratory assessment, presenting normative values for which to compare obese and normal weight healthy individuals; special procedures and considerations unique to epidemiological studies and maintaining subject participation and compliance. Author: St Jeor, Sachiko T./ St Jeor, T. Series Title: Chapman Hall Series in Clinical Nutrition Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 932 Publication Date: 1996/12/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.28 x 6.42 x 2.07 inches

Role of Potassium in Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine $476.35 Role of Potassium in Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine: Information related to this question has accumulated for nearly a hundred years, from work in cellular physiology, experimental studies in animals, clinical trials, and from population and epidemiological investigations. Because of the importance of integration of this diverse body of information, the most significant findings are brought together in this book. This body of information provides emphatic support for the importance of high dietary potassium intake as a means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, as it provides abundant evidence that potassium depletion has significant, deleterious influences that increase the risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. At this time we have the results and data required to strongly recommend dietary modification to increase potassium intake. But making the recommendation will only be the first step; convincing the population to undertake the change in eating patterns will be challenging, and will require concerted actions by government, the medical community, and the food and beverage industries. The outcome promises to be well worth the investment. This book is an excellent source of current information on the many roles of potassium in cardiovascular disease. It succinctly mixes basic physiology and clinical aspects in a manner that will make it of great value to both researchers and clinicians. Norman M. Kaplan, M.D., Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX Author: Young, David B. Series Title: Basic Science for the Cardiologist Series Number: 8 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 240 Publication Date: 2001/07/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.56 inches

Potassium Channels in Cardiovascular Biology $291.55 Potassium channels (K+) are membranespanning proteins which serve many important functions and are becoming a hot topic in physiology. K+ channels determine or modulate many functions of vascular smooth muscle, endothelial and inflammatory cells, and thus are central to regulation of arterial tone and control of cell proliferation. They are also promising targets for antihypertensive treatments with drugs which open and close specific types of K+ channels, making for an active field of research. With their ability to control vascular tone, voltagegated K+ channels play a significant role in both pulmonary and systemic hypertension as well as in cardiac arrhythmias. This book will highlight the latest discoveries by leading researchers pertaining to the role of K+ channels in the heart and blood vessels in normal physiology and a variety of disease states. Author: Archer, Stephen L./ Rusch, Nancy J./ Archer, Stephen L. Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 932 Publication Date: 2001/01/01 Language: English Dimensions: 10.18 x 7.04 x 2.25 inches

Obesity $39.84 No Synopsis Available

Prince of Peace Premium Oolong Tea – 100 bags $4.71 Antioxidant and lowers risks for cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention: A Textbook of Coronary, Peripheral, and Structural Heart Disease $361.17 No Synopsis Available

Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention By Kokkinos, Peter, Ph.D. $151.53 Author: Kokkinos, Peter, Ph.D. Publication Date: 2009/09/01 Number of Pages: 416 Binding Type: Hardcover Language: English Depth: 1.00 Width: 7.50 Height: 9.50

Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease By Eckel, Robert H., Ph.D. (EDT) $177.02 Author: Eckel, Robert H., Ph.D. (EDT) Series Title: The AHA Clinical Series Publication Date: 2010/12/07 Number of Pages: 244 Binding Type: Hardcover Language: English Depth: 1.00 Width: 6.25 Height: 9.50

DIDAX DD25254 HEALTHY CHOICES GRADES 45 $27.6 Healthy Choices: Diet Exercise and SelfManagement provides the tools to directly confront a growing health crisis with our children. Not only do inactivity and obesity come with immediate health risks including a dramatic increase in cardiovascular disease and diabetes in children but they also present extraordinary longterm public health risks. These risks include early death obesity diabetes heart disease and various cancers

DIDAX DD25255 HEALTHY CHOICES GRADES 68 $27.6 Healthy Choices: Diet Exercise and SelfManagement provides the tools to directly confront a growing health crisis with our children. Not only do inactivity and obesity come with immediate health risks including a dramatic increase in cardiovascular disease and diabetes in children but they also present extraordinary longterm public health risks. These risks include early death obesity diabetes heart disease and various cancers.

DIDAX DD25253 HEALTHY CHOICES GRADES 13 $27.6 Healthy Choices: Diet Exercise and SelfManagement provides the tools to directly confront a growing health crisis with our children. Not only do inactivity and obesity come with immediate health risks including a dramatic increase in cardiovascular disease and diabetes in children but they also present extraordinary longterm public health risks. These risks include early death obesity diabetes heart disease and various cancers.

Guggul Extract 60 Caps $16.57 Nature’s Way Guggul Extract contains standardized extract of Guggul (Commiphora mukul), an Ayurvedic Herb that may be helpful in lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels; raising HDL (good cholesterol) levels; preventing and treating cardiovascular disease and obesity; easing rheumatoid arthritis, and preventing atherosclerosis.